Social Reform in the United States Navy, 1798-1862 by Harold D. Langley

Author:Harold D. Langley [Langley, Harold D.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781612517759
Publisher: Naval Institute Press

1 Charles N. Robinson, The British Tar in Fact and Fiction; The Poetry, Pathos, and Humor of the Sailor’s Life (New York, 1909), p. 54.

2 Theodore Thring and C. E. Gifford, Thring’s Criminal Law of the Navy, with an Introductory Chapter on the Early State and Discipline of the Navy, the Rules of Evidence, and an Appendix Comprising the Naval Discipline Act and Practical Forms (2d ed.; London, 1877), p. 42.

3 Leo F. S. Horan, “Flogging in the United States Navy: Unfamiliar Facts Regarding Its Origin and Abolition,” U.S.N.I.P., LXXVI (1950), 970.

4 Ibid.; “Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies,” quoted in Gardner W. Allen, A Naval History of the American Revolution (Boston, 1913), II, 686–695.

5 Michael Lewis, The History of the British Navy, Pelican edition (Harmondsworth, 1957), p. 186.

6 G. E. Mainwaring and Bonamy Dobrée, The Floating Republic: An Account of the Mutinies at Spithead and The Nore in 1797 (London, 1935), pp. 3–118; Conrad Gill, The Naval Mutinies of 1797 (Manchester, 1913), pp. 3–93.

7 Mainwaring and Dobrée, pp. 121–245; Gill, pp. 101–258, 261–296, 299–358. Brief accounts of the mutinies at Spithead and The Nore may be found in Michael Lewis, The Navy of Britain, pp. 301–304, and in his work A Social History of the Navy, 1793–1815 (London, 1960), pp. 124–127; Christopher Lloyd, The Nation and the Navy: A History of Naval Life and Policy (London, 1954), pp. 163–166; Dudley Pope, The Black Ship (Philadelphia, 1964), pp. 124–125.

8 Pope, passim. Pope’s book is a detailed study of the mutiny on the Hermione, its causes and results. The substance of the debates in the House of Representatives may be found in the Annals of Congress, 6th Cong., 1st Sess., X, pp. 511–512, 515–518, 531–532, 542–547, 548–578, 583–622. The remark of Marshall’s referred to is on pp. 616–617.

9 Lloyd, p. 165; Lewis, The Navy of Britain, p. 304.

10 Quasi-War, I, 157.

11 Ibid., p. 14.

12 Horan, “Flogging in the United States Navy . . .,” p. 971.

13 Ibid.

14 U.S. Statutes at Large, I, Chap. 24, p. 709.

15 Ibid., II, Chap. 33, pp. 45–46.

16 Descriptions of floggings may be found in Holbrook, p. 85; A ‘Civilian’ [George Jones], I, 33–35, 50, 64, 214–216; Nordhoff, pp. 138–141; Rockwell, II, 407–410; Sellstedt, 137–138; Melville, pp. 127–132; George E. Belknap, “The Old Navy,” Naval Actions and History, 1799–1898 (Boston, 1902), p. 21. For a graphic analysis of the effect of a flogging see Pope, pp. 332–333.

17 Durand, p. 26.

18 Edwin McClellan, History of the U.S. Marine Corps (1st ed.; Washington, D.C., 1925), I, Chap. 18, p. 19.

19 Truxtun to the Navy Accountant, May 20, 1801, Quasi-War, VII, 230–231.

20 Cutbush, pp. 19–20.

21 Ibid., pp. 130–131.

22 Durand, p. 18.

23 American State Papers: Naval Affairs, I, 520.

24 House Journal, 16th Cong., 2d Sess. (Serial 47), p. 55.

25 U.S. Annals of Congress, 16th Cong., 2d Sess. XXXVII, 506.

26 Ibid., p. 531; House Journal, 16th Cong., 2d Sess. (Serial 47), pp. 59–60.

27 Jarvis M. Morse, “Samuel Augustus Foot,” Dictionary of American Biography, VI (1931), 498.

28 Annals of Congress, 16th Cong.

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